Overweight or living with obesity: understanding the difference
The terms “overweight” and “obesity” are used to describe weight ranges that may be associated with particular health risks. They can be useful in healthcare, but they do not describe a person’s character, effort or overall health. Weight is influenced by many factors, and people deserve respectful, individual support rather than judgement.
What do the terms mean?
For adults in the UK, healthcare professionals commonly use body mass index (BMI) as one way to assess weight in relation to height. In general, a BMI of 25 to 29.9 is classed as overweight, while a BMI of 30 or above is classed as obesity.
BMI is a screening measure, not a diagnosis or a complete picture of health. It does not directly measure body fat, distinguish muscle from fat, or show where weight is carried. Health professionals may consider other information too, such as waist measurement, medical history, blood pressure and blood test results. BMI thresholds may also be adjusted for people from some ethnic backgrounds, as health risks can arise at a lower BMI.
Children and young people are assessed differently. Their BMI is considered alongside their age and sex using growth charts, so adult BMI categories should not be applied to them.
Why does weight vary?
Body weight is shaped by a combination of influences. These can include genetics, age, sleep, stress, mental and physical health, medication, income, access to food and opportunities for activity. Hormones and life events may also play a part. For many people, weight is not simply a matter of willpower or individual choice.
Health and wellbeing
Carrying excess weight can increase the likelihood of some health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, joint problems and sleep apnoea. However, risk varies from person to person, and a BMI category cannot tell the whole story. Health is influenced by many factors, and positive changes can be worthwhile regardless of someone’s starting weight.
Finding support
If you have concerns about your weight or health, a GP or another qualified healthcare professional can offer advice tailored to you. They can discuss possible health checks, medicines or other treatment options, and support with sustainable changes. A helpful approach is usually realistic and focused on overall wellbeing—such as nutritious food, enjoyable movement, enough sleep and support for mental health—rather than quick fixes or shame.
Everyone deserves compassionate, evidence-based care. Conversations about weight are most useful when they are respectful, recognise the many factors involved and focus on the support that matters to each individual.
Five Tips for Prioritising Health and Wellbeing in Managing Weight
- Focus on health and wellbeing, not appearance.
- Choose balanced meals with plenty of vegetables and fibre.
- Build regular movement into your routine, at a pace that suits you.
- Make small, sustainable changes rather than seeking quick fixes.
- Speak with a GP or dietitian for advice tailored to you.
Focus on health and wellbeing, not appearance.
Focus on health and wellbeing rather than appearance: feeling stronger, sleeping better, having more energy or supporting your mental health can all be meaningful goals, whatever your size. Small, realistic changes—such as choosing nourishing foods, finding movement you enjoy and making time for rest—may support your overall wellbeing. Everyone’s circumstances are different, so choose goals that feel right for you and seek advice from a healthcare professional if you need support.
Choose balanced meals with plenty of vegetables and fibre.
Choose balanced meals that include plenty of vegetables and fibre-rich foods, such as beans, lentils, wholegrains, fruit and vegetables. These can help you feel satisfied and provide a range of nutrients. Try adding extra vegetables to meals or swapping refined grains for wholegrain options, making changes gradually and choosing foods you enjoy.
Build regular movement into your routine, at a pace that suits you.
Building regular movement into your routine can support your health and wellbeing, whether or not your weight changes. Choose activities that feel manageable and enjoyable, such as walking, gardening, dancing or gentle chair-based exercises, and begin at a pace that suits your fitness and health. You can start with a few minutes at a time and gradually build up, taking breaks when needed. If you have a health condition or are unsure where to begin, speak to a healthcare professional for advice tailored to you.
Make small, sustainable changes rather than seeking quick fixes.
Small, sustainable changes are often easier to maintain than quick fixes. Rather than trying to change everything at once, choose one or two realistic steps that fit your everyday life, such as adding a portion of vegetables to a meal, taking a short walk or setting a regular bedtime. Progress may take time, and what works will differ from person to person; a GP or other qualified health professional can help you find a safe, suitable approach.
Speak with a GP or dietitian for advice tailored to you.
If you are concerned about your weight, speak with your GP or a registered dietitian for advice that takes your health, circumstances and goals into account. They can help you understand your options, discuss any relevant health checks and suggest realistic, sustainable changes—without relying on one-size-fits-all diets or quick fixes.